Any term or phrase, central or key to the study that may be unfamiliar to the reader must be defined in this section. You may derive these terms from the research topic, research objectives or conceptual framework. While dictionary may define these terms literary, you are required to define them operationally, implying the way they…
Author: KENPRO
2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW
Literature Review is an evaluative presentation of information found in the literature related to ones area of study. The review describes, summarizes, evaluates, analysis and clarifies related literature. Ones personal ‘voice’ should be heard in the pursuit of the review. The literature under review should be interpreted in the light of the study being undertaken. In…
Importance of Literature Review
By Anthony M. Wanjohi: Review of literature in any study is not a cup of tea; it requires scholarly maturity. Good review of literature is a sign of professional maturity; it shows one’s grasp of the field, one’s methodological sophistication in critiquing others’ research, and the breadth and depth of one’s reading (Krathwohl , 1988). There…
Caution to Take in Literature Review
Review of literature requires one to take some level of caution, including but not limited to the following: use of evidence when reviewing, being selective, sparingly using quotes, maintaining one’s own voice, accurately paraphrasing and revising the review. Using evidence When reviewing literature, it in vital to refer to several other sources when advancing…
Steps in Developing Literature Review
By Anthony M. Wanjohi: There are a number of steps one should consider when developing literature. These include the following: seeking clarification, establishing the sources of information, considering whether the sources are current, critically analyzing the content and considering organization of literature. Seeking Clarification about Literature Review Before embarking on review of literature, first seek…
3.0 RESEARCH DESIGNS AND METHODOLOGY
Research Methodology The research methodology is the systematic, theoretical analysis of the procedures applied to a field of study (Kothari, 2004). It involves procedures of describing, explaining and predicting phenomena so as to solve a problem; it is the ‘hows’; the process or techniques of conducting research. A Methodology does not set out to…
Research Designs: Experimental Research Designs
There are as many types of research designs as there are types of research. For the purpose of this guide, this section provides an overview of the major types of research and designs that are commonly adopted by the students of research and practitioners. The designs are broadly classified into two: descriptive and Experimental…
Non-experimental Research Designs
Besides experimental research designs (which rely more on random and laboratory controls), there are other types of research and designs which are more descriptive and may not necessarily rely on random and laboratory controls. These include but not limited to Case study research design, Content Analysis research design , Causal Comparative (Ex Post Facto) research design,…
Non-experimental Research Designs – continued
Grounded Theory Research Design According to Creswell (2003), in grounded theory research a researcher attempts to derive a general, abstract theory of a process, action, or interaction grounded in the views of participants in a study” (p. 14). Leedy and Ormrod (2001) further observes that grounded theory research begins with data that develops into a…
Survey Research Design
Survey research design is one of the most popular descriptive research designs used by students of research, practitioners and scholars. Surveys are broadly classified into two, namely cross-sectional and longitudinal surveys. Cross-sectional Survey Cross-sectional Surveys are primarily used to determine prevalence which equals the number of cases in a population at a given point…